Alloshin
Allopurinol
Indication
Allopurinol is used in the treatment of primary or secondary gout (acute attack, tophi, joint destruction, uric acid lithiasis or nephropathy); treatment of hyperuricemia which may occur during the treatment of chemotherapy (especially leukemia), certain enzyme disorders and prevention of recurrent ...
Dosage and Administration
Prophylaxis of gout and of uric acid and calcium oxalate renal stones I Prophylaxis of hyper-uricaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy: Adult: Initially 100 mg daily, for maintenance adjust dose according to plasma or urinary uric acid concentration, dose to be taken preferably after food
Usual maintenance in mild conditions:
Adult: I 00 - 200 mg daily, dose to be taken preferably after food
Usual maintenance in moderately severe conditions:
Adult: 300 - 600 mg daily in divided doses (max. per dose 300 mg), dose to be taken preferably after food
Usual maintenance in severe conditions:
Adult: 700 - 900 mg daily in divided doses (max. per dose 300 mg), dose to be taken preferably after food
Composition
Each caplet contains:
Allopurinol B.P ... 100 mg.
Description
Allopurinol is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Chemically, it is 1,5 - Dihydro - 4H - pyrazolo [3,4-d) pyrimidin-4-one. The empirical formula is C5H4N40 and its molecular weight is 136.1.
Clinical Pharmacology
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor which inhibits the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol is metabolized to oxypurinol which is also and inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; allopurinol acts on purine catabolism, reducing the production of u...
Pharmacokinetics
Allopurinol is rapidly absorbed from GI tract (up to 90%). Time to peak plasma concentration is 2 - 6 hr. Allopurinol and oxypurinol can crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Volume of Distribution is approximately 1.6 L/kg. It is rapidly metabolized by xanthine oxidase to oxypurinol (major m...
Contraindication
It is contraindicated in children except m malignant conditions and certain enzyme disorders and patients who have hypersensitivity to allopurinol or any component of the formulation.
Precaution
Do not use to treat asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Allopurinol treatment should not be started until acute attack of gout has completely subsided, as further attacks may be precipitated. If acute attacks develop in patients receiving allopurinol, treatment should continue at the same dosage while the a...
Adverse Effects
The most common adverse effects is skin rash (generally pruritic) but more serious hypersensitivity reactions may include exfoliative rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. So, allopurinol should be withdrawn immediately if rash occurs. Less serious effects are vomiting, di...
Drug Interaction
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine: Allopurinol increases the pharmacologic and toxic effects of thiopurines by increasing their half-lives. Dose should be adjusted according to clinical response. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: concurrent use with allopurinol may predispose to hypersensiti...
Theophylline: High dose of allopurinol taken for more than 2 weeks may increase the chance for harmful effect.
Chlorpropamide: If it is given concomitantly with allopurinol when renal function is poor, an increased risk of prolonged hypoglycaemic activity because allopurinol and chlorpropamide may compete for excretion in renal tubule.
Amoxicillin or Ampicillin: Concurrent with allopurinol may result in increased incidence of drug-induced skin rash.
Cyclophosphamide: Concurrent therapy with allopurinol may increase the incidence of bone marrow depression. Diuretics: When given together with allopurinol, may increase serum oxypurinol concentrations and may increase the risk of serious allopurinol toxicity, particularly in patients with decreased...
Oral anticoagulants: Use together with allopurinol may enhance anticoagulant effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in cool and dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach and sight of children.
Presentation
5 x 30's Blisters.